Household Items for Masturbation: How to Use Common Objects for Self-Pleasure
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🔑 Key Points 🔑
✨ Pressed for time? Here’s the gist in a nutshell—bite-sized brilliance awaits! ✨
- 🌟 Common household items can double as tools for pleasure—just keep safety in mind.
- ⚠️ Always prioritise hygiene and avoid objects that might cause harm or discomfort.
- ✨ Experiment with textures and sensations, but ensure everything is clean and safe.
💡 Expert Tips 💡
🌟 Our experts chime in with some cheeky yet wise advice to elevate your experience: 🌟
- ✔️ Stick to smooth, non-porous items for ease and safety.
- ✔️ Lubrication is your best friend—opt for body-safe options.
- ✔️ Need inspiration? Explore our curated selection for safe, sensual fun.
Let’s be honest, sometimes the best things in life are the ones you already have lying around the house. Who says you need to spend a fortune on fancy sex toys when you’ve got everyday items that can do the job just as well? Using household items for masturbation is not only creative and cost-effective, but it’s also a great way to experiment and explore your own pleasure. Plus, there’s no need for delivery delays — everything’s right at your fingertips!
If you’ve already checked out our article on “31 Common Household Things to Use as a Dildo,” you’ll know just how many surprising items you can turn into DIY sex toys. But today, we’re taking things further. This article is all about discovering more intimate, practical, and, of course, safe ways to use everyday objects for vaginal and anal pleasure.
Ready to get creative? By the end of this read, you’ll have a whole new list of household items to explore for some seriously satisfying solo time. Let’s dive in!
The Benefits of Using Household Items for Masturbation
Using household items for masturbation isn’t just about being creative — it’s also a smart way to get the most out of what you’ve already got. There are plenty of benefits that make everyday objects an appealing alternative to traditional sex toys, especially when you want to explore new ways to enjoy yourself without breaking the bank.
Cost-Effective: Eliminate the Need for Expensive Sex Toys
Let’s face it: sex toys can be pricey, especially if you’re experimenting with different shapes, sizes, or materials. But the great thing about household items is they cost nothing extra, and most of the time, they’re already right there in your home. No need to wait for deliveries or fork out a small fortune when you’ve got everything you need at hand.
Barbara Santini, a psychologist and relationship advisor, says, “Using household items for masturbation can be a game-changer, especially for those on a budget. It offers a practical and affordable way to explore intimacy without financial pressure.” So why spend your hard-earned cash when you can experiment with the everyday objects sitting in your kitchen or bedroom?
Creativity and Exploration: Get Playful with Your Pleasure
There’s something exciting about taking a common object and using it in an entirely new way. It opens the door for a world of experimentation and exploration. You might be surprised at how different sensations can be created with simple, everyday objects. From the soft pressure of a pillow to the firm feeling of a smooth bottle, the possibilities are endless.
Katie Lasson, a sex and relationship advisor, notes, “Creativity in masturbation isn’t just fun — it’s empowering. Using household items pushes you to step outside your comfort zone, leading to new discoveries about your own pleasure.” The beauty of this is that it lets you break free from the usual routine and explore all the little ways your body responds to different textures, shapes, and movements.
It’s a chance to see what turns you on in a way that goes beyond the ordinary. A cucumber might offer a totally different experience from a shampoo bottle — and that’s the magic of mixing things up!
Convenience: Instant Access, No Waiting
One of the best things about household items? Instant access! Unlike when you need to order a sex toy and wait for it to arrive (sometimes days, or even weeks), household items are right there when you need them. Whether it’s a rainy day or a lazy evening, your masturbation tools are always just a few steps away.
Tatyana Dyachenko, a sexual and relationship therapist, adds, “The convenience of household items means there’s no delay in exploring your pleasure. You don’t need to plan ahead or wait for a delivery; everything you need is at your fingertips. ”It’s as simple as looking around your home and grabbing whatever sparks your interest.
No planning, no waiting. Just pick up an item and start exploring, whether you’re in the mood for a quick session or a longer, more intimate experience.
Discretion and Privacy: Keep It Low-Key
Privacy is another huge benefit. Household items tend to be much more discreet than traditional sex toys. Things like hairbrushes, bottles, or even rolled-up socks can easily blend into the background and be stored out of sight without anyone being the wiser. This is ideal for those who might not want to hide expensive toys or don’t want them on display.
According to a Santini, “Using household items offers a level of discretion that is often overlooked. You can keep your personal pleasures private, with no need to worry about hiding specialised toys. ”It’s also a great option for those who prefer to keep things low-key — because at the end of the day, your self-care and pleasure are private matters.
The beauty of household items is that they’re already a part of your routine. No need for extra space or concern over whether someone might stumble upon them. They just fit seamlessly into your daily life, giving you total freedom to indulge without the stress.
How to Safely Use Household Items for Masturbation
When it comes to using household items for masturbation, safety should always come first. While it’s fun to get creative and explore different sensations, you’ve got to make sure the items you choose are safe to use. After all, nobody wants a bad experience when they're trying to enjoy some alone time! Let’s break down how to safely incorporate everyday objects into your routine.
Cleanliness and Hygiene: Keep It Clean, Keep It Safe
Before you use anything, it’s crucial to ensure it’s properly cleaned and sanitised. Household items aren’t designed with sexual use in mind, so they may carry bacteria, dirt, or dust. The last thing you want is to introduce any of that into your body. Give the object a thorough clean before using it — soap and water works well for most materials.
Lasson advises, “Hygiene is key when using household items for masturbation. Always wash anything you plan to use thoroughly with antibacterial soap, and consider wiping it down with a disinfectant wipe to be extra cautious.”
It’s important to remember that not every household item is suitable for intimate use. Avoid using porous materials (like certain sponges or fabrics) which can harbour bacteria even after cleaning.
Safety First: Choose Smooth, Safe Objects
While there’s a lot you can use from around the house, not every object is ideal for sexual use. Stay away from anything that’s sharp, jagged, or hard. You’re looking for smooth surfaces that won’t cause irritation or injury. For example, bottles with rough edges or metal objects can cut or scrape sensitive skin, which is something to avoid at all costs.
Dyachenko warns, “The key to safety is ensuring that the items you use have no sharp edges or hard, brittle surfaces. Objects like glass, metal, or ceramics could break or cause harm, so always choose items with smooth, rounded edges.”
When selecting items, think of the shape and texture. Cylindrical objects like shampoo bottles or kitchen rolls work well because they offer a smooth, consistent surface. If you're unsure, always opt for materials like plastic, silicone, or soft fabrics that are less likely to cause discomfort.
Lubrication: Make It Smooth and Comfortable
Lubrication is a must when it comes to using household items for masturbation. Whether you're using a smooth bottle or a pillow for grinding, lube will ensure comfort and prevent friction-related injuries. It’ll help you glide smoothly, making the experience more enjoyable and less likely to cause discomfort.
Lubricants come in all sorts of varieties, so you can choose what works best for you. Water-based lubes are great for most items and are easy to clean up. Silicone-based lubes last longer and are excellent for materials like glass or metal, though they may not be as easy to clean off.
For those who prefer natural alternatives, coconut oil or aloe vera gel can work as a lubricant. Just make sure to check that any natural product you use doesn’t cause irritation.
Santini reminds us, “Lubrication isn’t just for comfort; it also helps reduce the risk of injury. A little lube goes a long way in making your experience safer and more pleasurable.”
Avoiding Risks: Steer Clear of Potential Hazards
While it’s fun to get creative, there are definitely some risks you should avoid. Never use small objects that could break off or get stuck, such as small toys or parts that might detach. These pose a choking hazard or could cause an obstruction inside the body. Avoid any object with loose parts, sharp components, or rough textures.
Also, remember that household items aren’t designed to be used in intimate areas, so keep your choices to those that are easy to clean and safe to insert. Think of everyday items like smooth bottles, rubber items, or even soft fabrics, but be cautious of anything that could pose a danger if used incorrectly.
Lasson adds, “It’s easy to get excited about using household items, but always keep safety in mind. Avoid small, hard, or fragile items that might break or cause injury. Safety should always be your top priority.”
Vaginal Masturbation: Household Items That Work Best
Vaginal masturbation with household items can be an exciting and creative way to explore new sensations. From the water pressure of a shower head to the smooth glide of a bottle, there’s a wide range of objects in your home that can provide unique, pleasurable experiences. Let’s dive into some of the best household items you can use for vaginal pleasure, and how to do it safely and comfortably.
Shower Heads (with Adjustable Settings): A Pressure Play
One of the most popular household items for vaginal pleasure is the shower head. When set to an adjustable spray setting, the water pressure can create a stimulating, rhythmic sensation. A pulsating or massaging shower head can mimic the feeling of vibrations or gentle thrusts, making it an excellent option for clitoral or vaginal stimulation.
Make sure to adjust the water temperature to a comfortable level before getting started. You don’t want the water to be too hot or too cold. Position yourself comfortably in the shower, allowing the water to hit the right areas, whether you’re standing or sitting. The great thing about shower heads is they’re versatile, allowing you to experiment with the pressure and angle for different sensations.
Santini says, “Water pressure can create a very pleasurable experience, especially for people who enjoy rhythmic, pulsating sensations. It’s like a natural vibrator, offering a unique form of stimulation that can’t be found in many other household items.”
Fruits and Vegetables (e.g. Cucumbers, Zucchinis): Nature’s DIY Dildos
While it might sound a bit unconventional, fruits and vegetables, like cucumbers and zucchinis, are commonly used as makeshift dildos. The shape and size of these items are naturally suited to vaginal use. They provide a smooth, firm feeling, and since they are made of organic material, they are often soft and flexible enough for comfort.
That said, it’s essential to take some precautions. First, make sure to thoroughly wash any produce before use, as they can carry bacteria. It’s also a good idea to remove any wax or pesticides if the item is not organic. You can even peel the skin of harder vegetables to make them more comfortable.
Lasson recommends, “If you’re using produce like cucumbers or zucchinis, always make sure they’re fresh and clean. Also, avoid using overly large or rough vegetables to ensure your comfort and safety.”
Remember, fruits and veggies can break or tear, so use them with care and dispose of them immediately after use. It’s best to stick with softer, more flexible produce for vaginal insertion.
Bottles (e.g. Smooth, Cylindrical Objects): DIY Dildos with Caution
Smooth, cylindrical objects, like bottles, can also serve as makeshift dildos for vaginal masturbation. Bottles with smooth surfaces, like shampoo or body wash bottles, are great because they’re easy to grip and offer a consistent shape. However, it’s important to choose bottles that are free of sharp edges or hard plastic parts that could cause discomfort or injury.
Make sure the bottle is clean and free from any chemicals or residues, especially if it’s one that’s been used before. You can also wrap it in a towel or cloth for added comfort. And don’t forget to use lubrication — it’ll make insertion smoother and more comfortable.
Dyachenko notes, “While bottles can work as makeshift dildos, they must be handled carefully. Avoid any items with rough seams or hard corners that might cause discomfort, and always use plenty of lube to make the experience safer and more enjoyable.”
Pillows or Cushions: Rubbing and Grinding for Pleasure
Pillows and cushions might not seem like the obvious choice for masturbation, but they can be surprisingly effective. Grinding against a soft, padded surface can create a pleasurable sensation, especially for those who enjoy clitoral or vaginal rubbing. You can adjust the pressure and movement based on your preferences, making it a comfortable and satisfying option.
Place a pillow or cushion beneath you in a way that enhances your access to the area of stimulation. If you’re lying on your stomach, you can also try grinding your hips into the cushion to achieve different sensations. This can be especially enjoyable for those who prefer friction-based stimulation.
Lasson advises, “Using pillows or cushions can be a wonderful way to explore pleasure without inserting anything. The softness of the material can give you a unique, comfortable feeling that’s more about sensation and pressure than penetration.”
Tips for Comfort: Positioning for Maximum Pleasure
Proper positioning is key to ensuring your experience is both comfortable and pleasurable. If you’re using a shower head, experiment with different angles to find what works best for you. Try standing, sitting, or even squatting to find the most satisfying position. If you’re using fruits, vegetables, or bottles, always make sure the object is inserted slowly and with enough lubrication to avoid discomfort.
Using extra pillows or soft materials for support can help enhance the experience. Whether you’re on your back or in a more upright position, you’ll want to feel relaxed and supported. This way, your body can enjoy the pleasure without any awkwardness or strain.
Santini reminds us, “Comfort is an often overlooked factor in masturbation, but it’s just as important as the object you use. By positioning yourself properly, you can ensure a pleasurable, relaxed experience.”
Anal Masturbation: Household Items for Backdoor Pleasure
Exploring anal pleasure with household items can be a rewarding experience, as long as it’s done with care and attention to safety. Just like vaginal pleasure, anal play involves its own set of considerations, particularly around cleanliness, comfort, and gradual exploration. In this section, we’ll look at household items that can be used for anal stimulation, along with tips for ensuring a safe and pleasurable experience.
Shower Heads: Water Pressure for a Gentle, Stimulating Experience
Just as shower heads can be used for vaginal pleasure, they’re also fantastic for anal stimulation. The adjustable water pressure can provide a gentle, massaging sensation that feels both unique and satisfying. With the right settings, a shower head can create sensations similar to those of a vibrator, but with the added benefit of water-based lubrication.
When using a shower head for anal stimulation, make sure the water pressure is on a lower or medium setting to avoid any discomfort. Start with a gentle stream of water, and always test the temperature to ensure it’s not too hot or cold. Positioning is important too — it’s best to bend forward or squat to allow the water to reach the right area, and to keep yourself comfortable throughout.
Lasson notes, “The shower head offers a wonderful way to experiment with different sensations. It provides a gentle, continuous stream of water that can help relax the muscles and enhance pleasure without any risk of injury when used carefully.”
Smooth, Cylindrical Objects (e.g. Toilet Paper Rolls): Safe and Simple Options
Smooth, cylindrical objects like toilet paper rolls are another great choice for anal stimulation. They have the right shape and size to mimic the sensation of penetration, but unlike traditional anal toys, they don’t come with a hefty price tag. These items are ideal for beginners, as long as they’re handled carefully.
When using toilet paper rolls or similar smooth objects, make sure the edges are soft and smooth. If you’re using a toilet roll, ensure there are no sharp or rough areas. You can even cover it with a soft material, such as a cloth, to increase comfort and add an extra layer of safety. If you plan to use it for anal penetration, always ensure it’s clean and free of any chemicals or residues, as hygiene is especially important in this area.
Dyachenko suggests, “For safe anal play, using smooth, soft objects with no sharp edges is key. Toilet paper rolls can work well when properly cleaned and covered, providing a simple and effective option for those exploring anal pleasure. ”As with any DIY toy, always use plenty of lubrication to ensure smooth and comfortable insertion.
Handheld Massagers: Double Duty for Relaxation and Pleasure
Handheld massagers aren’t just for soothing tired muscles; they can also be a great tool for anal stimulation. Many of these devices offer variable speeds and vibrations, which can provide a different level of sensation than traditional toys. When used gently and with care, handheld massagers can stimulate the anus and surrounding areas, providing both internal and external pleasure.
However, when using massagers, be mindful of the material. Choose a device with a smooth, rounded end to avoid any sharp or rigid edges. Be sure to clean the device thoroughly before use, as it’s intended for external use, and may have come into contact with oils or lotions that you don’t want near your sensitive areas.
Santini explains, “Handheld massagers can be a versatile tool in your pleasure toolkit. They provide vibrations that can relax the muscles and enhance sensation, making them perfect for anal play when used with caution.”
Make sure to use the massager gently and always start with the lowest setting to gauge how your body responds.
Preparation and Safety: Cleanliness, Lubrication, and Patience
Before engaging in any form of anal masturbation, preparation is crucial. First, ensure everything is thoroughly cleaned and sanitised. Just as with vaginal play, anal play requires extra attention to hygiene. Wash your chosen objects with antibacterial soap and water, and make sure they’re free from any potential bacteria or contaminants.
Lubrication is essential for comfort and safety when using household items for anal stimulation. The anus doesn’t naturally lubricate like the vagina, so a generous amount of lubricant (either water-based or silicone-based) is necessary to ensure smooth and comfortable penetration. Always reapply as needed, especially if you feel any discomfort or friction.
When it comes to inserting objects into the anus, take it slow. Start with small objects, and never force anything that doesn’t feel comfortable. Patience is key, as rushing can lead to injury. Relax, and listen to your body — it’s important to be in the right headspace before proceeding.
Dyachenko cautions, “It’s essential to start slow, especially when experimenting with anal play. Anal muscles are delicate, and rushing can cause discomfort or injury. Take your time, be gentle, and remember that lubrication is your best friend.”
Things to Avoid When Using Household Items for Masturbation
While household items can offer a fun and creative alternative to traditional sex toys, it’s important to know which objects should be avoided. Safety should always be your top priority, and some items simply aren't designed for sexual use, no matter how tempting they may seem. Let’s dive into the things you should steer clear of to ensure a safe and pleasurable experience.
Objects with Sharp Edges or Small Parts: Keep It Smooth
Objects with jagged edges or small, detachable parts are a definite no-go. When it comes to household items, sharp edges can easily cause cuts, abrasions, or other injuries that can make your experience anything but enjoyable. For example, glass items, hard plastic containers, or anything with rough seams should be avoided — even if they look smooth at first glance. Sharp edges can cause tears in sensitive skin, leading to irritation or infection.
Dyachenko advises, “Avoid anything with hard, jagged edges, or small components that could break off during use. Safety is about ensuring the object won’t damage the body, and anything sharp can create unnecessary risks.”
It’s essential to inspect the object thoroughly before use to ensure there are no sharp or broken parts that could cause injury. If the item has any imperfections, it’s better to pass on it and find something safer.
Items That Could Cause Injury: Risk of getting Stuck
Some objects might seem harmless, but they can pose a serious risk of injury or discomfort. Bottles or containers with rough or jagged edges, for example, could cause internal abrasions or even become stuck. This is especially risky for anal play, as it could lead to serious injury if the object gets lodged or if it’s not made from safe, body-friendly materials.
Lasson stresses, “When using household items, always make sure they are smooth and free from rough patches that could cause injury. Anything with hard, rigid surfaces, like bottles with sharp seams, should be avoided completely.”
It’s crucial to use common sense — if an item looks too hard, rough, or has any protruding parts that could potentially cause injury, it’s best to leave it out of your playtime routine.
Hygiene Risks: Avoid Bacteria-Harbouring Materials
Hygiene is a major concern when using household items for masturbation. Unlike sex toys that are designed to be easily cleaned, everyday objects might not be as sanitary. Items like fabrics, sponges, or anything porous are especially risky as they can trap bacteria, dirt, and moisture, making them breeding grounds for infection. Even when thoroughly washed, porous materials can still harbour harmful microbes.
Santini reminds us, “When using household items, hygiene is key. Porous materials like sponges or rough fabrics can trap bacteria, putting you at risk of irritation or infection. Always opt for smooth, easy-to-clean items that are designed to be safe for intimate use.”
If you're considering using something like a fabric or sponge, make sure it’s specifically intended for such use (like a clean towel or a non-porous, wipeable surface). If it’s not, it’s better to be cautious and use something that can be properly sanitised. Always avoid using anything that could retain moisture for long periods, as that can lead to unwanted bacteria growth.
How to Clean Household Items After Use
After indulging in some creative play with household items, the next crucial step is cleaning. Just like with sex toys, hygiene is essential to prevent infections or bacteria build-up. You want to make sure that any object you use is thoroughly cleaned and safely stored for future use. Let’s look at how to properly clean your household items and store them correctly for both hygiene and longevity.
Basic Cleaning Tips: Cleanliness Is Key
Proper cleaning is the first and most important step in maintaining hygiene when using household items for masturbation. After each use, thoroughly wash all items with warm water and antibacterial soap. A simple rinse might not be enough — make sure to scrub away any residue or dirt that might have accumulated during play. This is especially important for items like bottles, vegetables, or shower heads, which can trap bacteria in crevices or on the surface.
For added peace of mind, you can use suitable cleaning wipes designed for intimate use. Look for wipes that are alcohol-free and gentle on the skin. If you’re using something like a cucumber or zucchini, it’s essential to wash it well, and consider discarding it after use if you’re not using it exclusively for this purpose.
Santini advises, “Thoroughly washing household items is essential after use. Antibacterial soap and warm water work wonders to eliminate bacteria and ensure your items are safe for the next time.”
For extra precaution, you can sterilise items like bottles or smooth objects in boiling water for a few minutes to ensure all germs are eliminated. Just make sure the material can withstand the heat, and be cautious not to burn yourself.
Storage Tips: Safe and Clean Storage for Longevity
Once your items are clean, storing them properly is just as important. Proper storage helps maintain their cleanliness and ensures that they’re ready to use whenever you need them. Avoid storing them in places where dust, moisture, or other contaminants could make their way onto them, such as near toilets or sinks.
For items like bottles or smooth objects, it’s best to store them in a clean, dry space, like a drawer or box. You might even consider using a cloth or fabric pouch to protect them from dust or dirt. If you’re using fruits or vegetables for vaginal use, it’s a good idea to either discard them after use or place them in the fridge (but remember, they’re meant for one-time use).
Dyachenko recommends, “Store your items in a safe, clean place where they won’t come into contact with harmful substances. Keeping them in a closed box or drawer will protect them from dust and bacteria, ensuring they’re always ready for use.”
For longer-lasting cleanliness, avoid leaving items exposed to moisture or in areas with high humidity, as this can lead to mould or bacteria build-up over time. If you are using towels or cushions, store them in a dry place, and wash them after every use to prevent bacteria from growing.
Creative Ways to Experiment with Household Items for Masturbation
One of the most exciting aspects of using household items for masturbation is the endless opportunities for creativity. The beauty of these objects lies in their versatility — you can experiment in different ways, discover new sensations, and even explore fantasies you might not have tried before. Let’s dive into some creative ways to spice up your masturbation routine using everyday items and a little imagination.
Multi-Use Items: Explore Different Sensations and Fantasies
Household items aren’t limited to one function, and you can get quite inventive with how you use them. A smooth bottle, for instance, can work as a makeshift dildo, but it can also be used for grinding or different angles of insertion, giving you varied sensations. Similarly, cushions and pillows can be used for a combination of rubbing and grinding — try changing the positioning to see what feels best.
When you think outside the box, you’ll realise that many household items can serve multiple purposes. A kitchen whisk or a soft spatula can offer unique, gentle stimulation when run over sensitive areas, and an item like a towel can be used to cushion or enhance your position while adding texture. Don’t be afraid to get creative!
Lasson suggests, “The beauty of using household items is that you can experiment with different sensations. Try using the same item in various ways — you might find that it offers a completely different experience depending on how you position it or use it.”
By using items in multiple ways, you get to experience new sensations and keep things fresh. Plus, you might even stumble upon an unexpected favourite!
Incorporating Other Senses: Heighten the Experience
Masturbation doesn’t just have to be about touch; you can engage other senses to elevate the entire experience. Light a scented candle to fill the room with a calming or stimulating aroma. Certain scents, like lavender or vanilla, can promote relaxation, while others, like citrus or cinnamon, may have a more energising effect.
You can also use oils or lotions to add an extra layer of sensation to the experience. Warming or cooling gels can enhance physical pleasure, while the scent of massage oils can create a sensory atmosphere that makes your playtime even more indulgent.
Santini explains, “Engaging other senses can turn a simple experience into something truly immersive. The right scent or a touch of essential oils can make your time with household items more sensual and pleasurable.”
Playing with sound is another way to enhance the experience. Background music, a soft hum, or the sound of running water can create an auditory atmosphere that adds to your arousal. Use whatever sensory cues feel the most stimulating for you!
Solo or Partner Play: Add Creativity and Exploration
Household items can be just as much fun for solo play as they are when used with a partner. For solo play, these items offer endless possibilities to experiment, from using different objects in creative ways to exploring new sensations. You can even create your own personal "sensory journey" by incorporating textures, temperatures, and smells.
If you're in a relationship, these items can also be part of shared exploration. You and your partner can experiment together, using household objects to stimulate different parts of each other's bodies, or even incorporate them into roleplay or fantasies. Using everyday items together can be a playful and intimate way to connect, opening up new ways to explore pleasure without needing to purchase fancy toys.
Dyachenko says, “When it comes to partner play, household items can create a sense of adventure and playfulness. Exploring together can help build intimacy and offer new ways to experiment with pleasure in a fun and engaging way.”
These items not only save you money, but they can bring an element of surprise and spontaneity to your intimate moments, whether you’re alone or with a partner.
Final Thoughts on Household Items for Masturbation
It’s easy to feel a little hesitant or even awkward about using household items, but trust that it’s all about being creative and prioritising safety. These objects are readily available, safe when used properly, and offer endless possibilities for pleasure. Don’t be afraid to explore and experiment, but always remember to keep hygiene and comfort top of mind. Ready to dive deeper? Check out the article on "31 Common Household Things to Use as a Dildo" for even more exciting ideas.